{"id":2164,"date":"2019-08-02T13:59:45","date_gmt":"2019-08-02T20:59:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/treetopics\/?p=2164"},"modified":"2019-09-03T11:51:42","modified_gmt":"2019-09-03T18:51:42","slug":"forests-on-the-rebound-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/treetopics\/2019\/08\/02\/forests-on-the-rebound-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Forests on the Rebound, part 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Brad Withrow-Robinson, OSU Forestry &amp;\nNatural Resources Extension agent for Benton, Linn and Polk counties.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"410\" height=\"308\" src=\"https:\/\/osu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/blogs.dir\/714\/files\/2019\/07\/03-03-29-15-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/blogs.dir\/714\/files\/2019\/07\/03-03-29-15-sm.jpg 410w, https:\/\/osu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/blogs.dir\/714\/files\/2019\/07\/03-03-29-15-sm-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><figcaption>A recent clearcut\/new plantation\/rebounding forest in Coast Range foothills<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Forests disturbed by\nfire or harvest look different than they did before the disturbance.&nbsp; Just how different depends on the size and\nintensity of the disturbance, of course.&nbsp;\nIt\u2019s no surprise that a site changed by fire or harvest clearly loses\nits value to certain wildlife species who like dark, closed forests.&nbsp; But, disturbance creates opportunities for\nmany other species of plants and animals which prosper in the different, more\nopen environment as the forest rebounds.&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>In a <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/treetopics\/2019\/07\/22\/forests-on-the-rebound-part-1\/\">recent post <\/a> I wrote about forests on the rebound after a severe fire or harvest. Among the animals that depend on and seek out forests on the rebound (called \u2018early seral forests\u2019 by ecologists) include pollinating insects (native bees, flies, moths and butterflies) bats and many migratory songbirds such as hummingbirds, some warblers, bluebirds and purple martins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"320\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/osu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/blogs.dir\/714\/files\/2019\/08\/early-seral-001-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2172\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/blogs.dir\/714\/files\/2019\/08\/early-seral-001-sm.jpg 320w, https:\/\/osu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/blogs.dir\/714\/files\/2019\/08\/early-seral-001-sm-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" \/><figcaption>Forest rebounding after a clearcut in Coast Range.  Except for treating bigleaf maple sprouts, hardwoods left to grow.  Photo: Amy Grotta.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Some of these animals\nthat use open, disturbed forest sites, notably certain songbirds, and native\nbees have been declining in recent years. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is concern that\nrecent changes (over the past several decades) in the amount and character of\nrecently-disturbed forest habitats may be a factor in the decline.&nbsp; These include:&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A dramatic decrease in harvest on federal lands has reduced the\n     amount of young, rebounding forest habitats there.&nbsp; <\/li><li>Harvest continues on private lands, but and economic and policy\n     incentives, along with modern reforestation practices encourage rapid\n     \u201cgreen up\u201d after harvest.&nbsp; This has\n     generally shortened the amount of time in the rebound stage between\n     harvest and crown closure. <\/li><li>Common reforestation practices reduce the amount of broad-leaved\n     shrubs and other vegetation \u2013 things we know are important habitat pieces.\n     So, although there is lots of young forest plantations on private lands,\n     they may not be providing good habitat.<\/li><li>&nbsp;Fewer dead trees (snags) are\n     left in these open areas (after fire or harvest) than were in the past.<\/li><li>Although wildfire remains a source of disturbance in western\n     Oregon, it is not on the scale that it was in past.&nbsp; <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A recent workshop in\nCorvallis highlighted a near-decade of coordinated research and other efforts\nto understand the impacts of some of those landscape changes, and particularly\nthe effects of forest management practices on rebounding (early seral) forests,\nand the wildlife that depends on them.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Teams of scientists at\nOSU, from private landowners including Hancock Forest Management and\nWeyerhaeuser, agencies including the US Geological Service, and many others\nconducted and presented their work.&nbsp; They\ndesigned a large randomized study, replicated in eight locations across the\nnorthern Coast Range, that compared different intensities of vegetation control\n(using herbicides) during reforestation.&nbsp;\nThen they tracked how the vegetation and wildlife responded over the\nnext six or seven years.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/osu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/blogs.dir\/714\/files\/2019\/08\/IMG_1794-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2171\" \/><figcaption>A rebounding forest following a clearcut on industrial ground in Coast Range.  Note woody debris, abundant hardwoods.  Photo: Amy Grotta.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The broad take-home\nmessage was that early seral biodiversity is compatible with intensive forest\nmanagement practices.&nbsp; Young forest\nplantations can (and likely do) provide habitat for many types of animals that\ndepend on rebounding forests.&nbsp; Some\nspecies are provided for better than others. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are a bird\nlooking for open, brushy cover for roosting and nesting, feed on seeds and bugs\nyou catch on the wing, then many of the conditions created by current forest practices\nwill likely meet your needs.&nbsp; You will\nalso have many new neighborhoods to choose from.&nbsp; If you are a bird who gleans bugs from leaves,\nlike an orange crowned warbler, then it may take a bit longer for the disturbed\nsite to become suitable habitat.&nbsp; But if\nyou are a bat or a bird such as a bluebird or purple martin who also needs\nsnags for nesting and roosting, your needs will be harder to meet, likely with\nfewer suitable neighborhoods to choose from.&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/osu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/blogs.dir\/714\/files\/2019\/07\/Rebounding-forest-after-a-harvest-2-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2155\" width=\"388\" height=\"517\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/blogs.dir\/714\/files\/2019\/07\/Rebounding-forest-after-a-harvest-2-sm.jpg 519w, https:\/\/osu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/blogs.dir\/714\/files\/2019\/07\/Rebounding-forest-after-a-harvest-2-sm-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 388px) 100vw, 388px\" \/><figcaption> Abundant leave trees and snags make this  recently harvested site in the Coast Range suitable for bluebirds and purple martins.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>There was of course a lot of discussion at the workshop of how to improve the usefulness of early seral habitat for the species that depend on it.&nbsp; Ideas included increasing the amount of snags for cavity nesters, tolerating more shrubs in young plantations, and maybe planting at wider or more variable spacings.&nbsp; It was interesting to me that many of these things have been discussed in earlier versions of this blog as <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/treetopics\/2017\/04\/12\/opportunities-enhance-species-diversity-small-woodlands\/\">strategies for growing a diverse (older) forest<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For more information about the early seral workshop, eventually view abstracts of the presentations, visit their website <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forestbiodiversity.org\/earlyseral\">https:\/\/www.forestbiodiversity.org\/earlyseral<\/a> .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Brad Withrow-Robinson, OSU Forestry &amp; Natural Resources Extension agent for Benton, Linn and Polk counties. Forests disturbed by fire or harvest look different than they did before the disturbance.&nbsp; Just how different depends on the size and intensity of the disturbance, of course.&nbsp; It\u2019s no surprise that a site changed by fire or harvest clearly&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/treetopics\/2019\/08\/02\/forests-on-the-rebound-part-2\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1151,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2164","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/treetopics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2164","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/treetopics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/treetopics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/treetopics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1151"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/treetopics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2164"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/treetopics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2164\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2217,"href":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/treetopics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2164\/revisions\/2217"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/treetopics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2164"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/treetopics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2164"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/treetopics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2164"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}