{"id":92,"date":"2015-11-13T11:19:52","date_gmt":"2015-11-13T19:19:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/mist\/?p=92"},"modified":"2015-11-18T10:47:15","modified_gmt":"2015-11-18T18:47:15","slug":"the-command-line-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/mist\/2015\/11\/13\/the-command-line-2\/","title":{"rendered":"The Command Line"},"content":{"rendered":"

A place to just document useful commands and all the good stuff in the terminal I’ve found useful so far.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Basic Commands<\/strong>
\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Command<\/th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
ls<\/td>List contents (short)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ls -l<\/td>List contents (long)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ls -a<\/td>List contents w\/ hidden files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ls -lh<\/td>Long Listing with human readable file sizes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ls -R<\/td>List contents recursively<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cd<\/td>Home directory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cd {directory}<\/td>Change directory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudo {command}<\/td>Runs command as super user<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudo !!<\/td>Runs sudo on previous command<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
top<\/td>Displays all active processes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
clear<\/td>Clear screen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
reset<\/td>Reset screen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
q<\/td>Quit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Shortcuts<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Command<\/th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Tab<\/td>Autocomplete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ctrl + C<\/td>Kill Process<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ctrl + D<\/td>Exit Shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ctrl + L<\/td>Clear Screen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ctrl + Z<\/td>Puts whatever you are running into a suspended background process. fg restores it.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ctrl + A<\/td>Go to beginning of current line<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ctrl + E<\/td>Go to end of current line<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ctrl + U<\/td>Clears line before cursor position<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ctrl + K<\/td>Clears line after cursor position<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ctrl + W<\/td>Deletes word before cursor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

 <\/p>\n

File System Management<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Command<\/th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
pwd<\/td>List current working directory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
touch {file}<\/td>Create file<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cat {file}<\/td>Concatenate file and display on command line<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
rm {file}<\/td>Remove file (permanent)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
rm -rf {directory}<\/td>Delete folder and its contents (Recursively force remove)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mv {file} {newFile}<\/td>Move\/Rename file<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cp {file} {newFile}<\/td>Copy to file<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
touch {file} {directory}<\/td>Copy to folder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
grep {pattern} {file}<\/td>Searches file(s) for specific pattern<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mkdir {directory}<\/td>Create directory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
rmdir {directory}<\/td>Delete directory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

 <\/p>\n

Pipe<\/strong>
\nPiping is essentially chaining the outputs of a command into the input of the following command.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t
Command<\/th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
{command} | {command}<\/td>Push output of command 1 into command 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
{command} > {file}<\/td>Push output to a file (overwrite)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
{command} >> {file}<\/td>Push output to a file (append)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

Example:<\/em> Grab all instances of foo from command line history<\/p>\n

history | grep foo | less\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n
Example:<\/em>\u00a0Pipe output in to grep<\/p>\n
man curl | grep verbose<\/pre>\n
 <\/p>\n
Flags<\/strong>
\nFlags are command line parameters appended to a command to specify certain settings, multiple flags can be used in combination. **Note -** The following examples will be based on the command “`ls“`. Flags will vary depending on the command they are affiliated with. The following examples are just “common” flags that you may or may not see in other commands.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Command<\/th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
-a<\/td>All (including files starting with .)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-A<\/td>Almost all (not including files starting with .)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-d<\/td>List directory entries instead of contents<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-f<\/td>Do not sort<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-h<\/td>Human readable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-I {Pattern}<\/td>Do not show entries with {Pattern}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-r<\/td>Reverse order<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-R<\/td>Recursive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-s<\/td>Print size<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-S<\/td>Sort by size<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
man {command}<\/td>Look up list of flags<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n
Example:<\/em> Grab all files at a specific location with a specific pattern<\/p>\n
grep -l -f \/src\/bin\/foo bar<\/pre>\n
 <\/p>\n
History<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Command<\/th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
history n<\/td>Display previous commands inputed (limit to n)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ctrl + R<\/td>Search through command history<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
jobs<\/td>List all the current jobs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
!!<\/td>Execute previous command<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n
 <\/p>\n
Job Control<\/strong>
\nJob control allows you to have multiple processes or “jobs”, essentially run by the shell. Press ctrl + z when in a program (ex – vim) to back out of it and put it into the background.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Command<\/th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Ctrl + Z<\/td>Back out of program and put into background<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
jobs<\/td>List all the current jobs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
bg\/fg {job}<\/td>Move job to the background or foreground<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kill {job}<\/td>Kill a specific job<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n
Example:<\/em> Send job “top” to foreground<\/p>\n
[1]+ Stopped top\r\n brandon@brandon-Inspiron-560:~$ fg \"%top\"<\/pre>\n
 <\/p>\n
Networking<\/strong>
\n“`telnet“` and “`netcat“` are both networking commands for reading from and writing to network connections using TCP or UDP. “`wget“` and “`curl“` are programs that retrieve content from web servers.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Command<\/th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
telnet {application}<\/td>Command line interface client to TCP application<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
netcat {application}<\/td>Better (arguably) command line interface client to TCP application<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
netstat<\/td>Lists all the TCP\/UDP connections on your network<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
curl {URL}<\/td>Retrieve URL page<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
wget {URL}<\/td>Retrieve URL page<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n
Examples coming soon!!!<\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n
Help and Documentation<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t
Command<\/th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
{command} --help<\/td>Display help<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
man {command}<\/td>Display command's documentation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
whatis {command}<\/td>Display one line description<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\nOther Useful Stuff<\/strong>
\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t
Command<\/th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
>> (Heredocs)<\/td>Execute all commands within these lines between the two points.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
chmod +x {script}<\/td>Make your bash script an executable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/p>\n
Example:<\/em> Send a GET request to a local host<\/p>\n
$ nc localhost 8008 << HERE > > GET \/api\/v0\/course\/all HTTP\/1.0 > > HERE<\/pre>\n
Linux Safe Reset <\/em><\/p>\n
Alt + SysRq + R E I S U B \"Reboot even if system utterly broken\"<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
A place to just document useful commands and all the good stuff in the terminal I’ve found useful so far.   Basic Commands   Shortcuts   File System Management   Pipe Piping is essentially chaining the outputs of a command into the input of the following command. Example: Grab all instances of foo from command… Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6959,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[3012,716095,13,716097,716098,1968],"class_list":["post-92","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-code","tag-command-line","tag-linux","tag-shortcuts","tag-terminal","tag-tricks"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/mist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/mist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/mist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/mist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6959"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/mist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=92"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/mist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":108,"href":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/mist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92\/revisions\/108"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/mist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=92"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/mist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=92"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/mist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=92"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}