{"id":1205,"date":"2014-05-30T15:01:12","date_gmt":"2014-05-30T22:01:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/impact\/?p=1205"},"modified":"2015-04-22T15:36:18","modified_gmt":"2015-04-22T22:36:18","slug":"the-vitamin-debate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/impact\/2014\/05\/the-vitamin-debate\/","title":{"rendered":"The vitamin debate"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Debate over value of vitamin supplements rages on<\/h1>\n<p><em>Linus Pauling Institute researchers and three other institutions refuted recent claims that \u201cthe case is closed\u201d on whether or not most people should take a multivitamin\/mineral supplement to obtain vital micronutrients.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>The <em>Annals of Internal Medicine<\/em> published researchers\u2019 response that portend this type of dietary supplement might help prevent chronic disease and improve general health without causing any harm\u2014well worth the cost of roughly three cents a day.<\/p>\n<p>To \u201ccall the case closed\u201d is wrong and \u201cmisinforms the public and the medical community,\u201d the researchers wrote. Their statements were a response to an editorial in the same publication last year that received widespread publicity.<\/p>\n<p>The statement was authored by nutrition experts from Oregon State University, the Children\u2019s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Tufts University and the Harvard University School of Public Health.<\/p>\n<p>While most nutrition experts agree that a balanced and nutritious diet is the best way to obtain needed nutrients, the researchers in this commentary point out that many Americans have a less-than-perfect diet \u2013 long on calories and short on nutrients &#8211; and the vast majority are deficient in one or more important micronutrients.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s na\u00efve to ignore the fact that most people have nutritional inadequacies, and wrong to condemn a daily supplement that could cover these nutritional gaps safely and at low cost,\u201d said <a href=\"http:\/\/lpi.oregonstate.edu\/staff\/freibio.html\">Balz Frei<\/a>, distinguished professor Biochemistry and Biophysics in the College of Science as well as professor and director of the Linus Pauling Institute.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s strong evidence that such a supplement may help improve overall health, largely eliminate a deficiency disease, and even help prevent chronic disease,\u201d Frei said.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cIt\u2019s ridiculous to ignore decades of nutrition research and tell the people of the United States they have no need for a supplement that could be so helpful, and costs about $1 a month.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The researchers raised the following points in their commentary:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The vast majority of people in the United States do not meet all of the guidelines for dietary intake of vitamins and minerals.<\/li>\n<li>More than 93% of adults in the United States do not get the estimated average requirement of vitamins D and E, 61% enough magnesium, and 50% enough vitamin A and calcium.<\/li>\n<li>Many subpopulations have even more critical needs for micronutrients, including older adults, African Americans, obese persons and some people who are ill or injured.<\/li>\n<li>Concerns about \u201cincreased mortality\u201d from supplements of vitamins A and E have been based on extremely high use through supplements far beyond the amount available in a multivitamin, and in the case of vitamin E largely refuted by comprehensive meta-analyses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The value of proper nutrition, on the other hand, is wide-ranging and positive. Micronutrients maintain normal cell and tissue function, metabolism, growth and development. A supplement that helps a person \u201ccover all the bases\u201d can help protect daily, routine health.<\/p>\n<p>Overt deficiency diseases such as scurvy or rickets, while increasingly rare in the United States due to improved diet and fortified foods, are still a huge issue in the developing world. More than 650,000 children under the age of five die around the world every year from inadequate vitamin A.<\/p>\n<p>The potential for vitamins and other micronutrients to help reduce or prevent chronic disease continues to show promise. One of the longest, largest controlled studies ever done, the Physicians\u2019 Health Study II, found a significant 8% reduction in total cancer incidence in male physicians \u2013 people who, through their education, income and lifestyle, probably had diets much closer to optimal than the average American.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cThere are many issues that have helped to mislead people when it comes to the study of micronutrients,\u201d Frei said.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u201cFor instance, most research is done without first checking to see if a person is deficient in a nutrient, and you won\u2019t find much effect from a supplement if it isn\u2019t needed.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn similar fashion, too much research has been done with groups such as doctors and nurses who are probably not representative of the general population,\u201d he said. \u201cWhatever has been shown to be useful in such research probably would be even more effective in people who have poor diets or clear nutritional deficiencies.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Linus Pauling Institute researchers and three other institutions refuted recent claims that \u201cthe case is closed\u201d on multivitamins.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6216,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[640488,1507,523],"tags":[1733,17224],"class_list":["post-1205","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bb","category-faculty-and-staff","category-research","tag-healthy-people","tag-linus-pauling-institute"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6vHeb-jr","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":532,"url":"https:\/\/dev.blogs.oregonstate.edu\/impact\/2014\/06\/homerun-treating-lou-gehrigs-disease\/","url_meta":{"origin":1205,"position":0},"title":"A homerun for treating Lou Gehrig\u2019s disease","author":"Sharon","date":"June 12, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Copper compound could extend lifespan of those suffering from the debilitating disease","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Biochemistry &amp; 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