The author of the article complies the relevant data, observations, methods and discussions and submits the piece to the journal they wish to have their work published in. The journal editor then screens the paper to see if the content is worth while. If so, the editor selects reviewers who are established professionals and researchers in the field. These reviewers then go over the paper and submit revisions or suggestions that could help improve the work or suggest it to be rejected. This could be troublesome because typically the reviewers are anonymous but the authors are not. Reviewers could be biased towards certain people or topics leading to an unfair review process. Since only a few people are reviewing, mistakes could be overlooked as well.
