There are 10 million commercial laying hens, and approximately 100,000 backyard chicken owners, in the state of California. The California Department of Food and Agriculture is charged with protecting all those chickens and one of their biggest challenges comes from Virulent Newcastle Virus, a foreign animal disease with no cure and close to a 100% death rate in unvaccinated flocks.
During the first major outbreak of the virus in 2002, nearly 2 million birds were destroyed to stop the spread of the highly contagious disease. Last summer, Newcastle Virus returned to California, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) asked the Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (OVDL) to help.
When a large-scale animal-disease outbreak occurs, the USDA relies on laboratories managed by state governments and universities to collaborate with them on disease surveillance and testing. In July 2018, the OVDL responded to a request for help with Newcastle Virus by loaning Medical Laboratory Technician Janna Thorp to the California Health and Food Safety Lab (CAHFS) where overwhelmed staff had been processing hundreds of test samples pouring into the lab every day.
Commercial poultry growers use kits to regularly test their flock for Newcastle Virus, and send the samples to CAHFS. When a serious outbreak occurs, a task force sends teams out with warrants to test backyard chickens too. “Last July, they established that the outbreak started in backyard flocks,” says Thorp. “That is due to lack of knowledge. Commercial managers carefully follow antiseptic practices, but backyard growers often don’t know how.”
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